The JPEG2000 still image compression standard

The development of standards (emerging and established) by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) for audio, image, and video, for both transmission and storage, has led to worldwide activity in developing hardware and software systems and products applicable to a number of diverse disciplines [7], [22], [23], [55], [56], [73]. Although the standards implicitly address the basic encoding operations, there is freedom and flexibility in the actual design and development of devices. This is because only the syntax and semantics of the bit stream for decoding are specified by standards, their main objective being the compatibility and interoperability among the systems (hardware/software) manufactured by different companies. There is, thus, much room for innovation and ingenuity. Since the mid 1980s, members from both the ITU and the ISO have been working together to establish a joint international standard for the compression of grayscale and color still images. This effort has been known as JPEG, the Join

The JPEG 2000 still image compression standard

With the increasing use of multimedia technologies, image compression requires higher performance as well as new features. To address this need in the specific area of still image encoding, a new standard is currently being developed, the JPEC2000. It is not only intended to provide rate-distortion and subjective image quality performance superior to existing standards, but also to provide features and functionalities that current standards can either not address efficiently or in many cases cannot address at all. Lossless and lossy compression, embedded lossy to lossless coding, progressive transmission by pixel accuracy and by resolution, robustness to the presence of bit-errors and region-of-interest coding, are some representative features. It is interesting to note that JPEG2000 is being designed to address the requirements of a diversity of applications, e.g. Internet, color facsimile, printing, scanning, digital photography, remote sensing, mobile applications, medical imagery, digital library and E-commerce

JPEG2000: The upcoming still image compression standard

With the increasing use of multimedia technologies, image compression requires higher performance as well as new features. To address this need in the specific area of still image encoding, a new standard is currently being developed, the JPEG2000. It is not only intended to provide rate-distortion and subjective image quality performance superior to existing standards, but also to provide functionality that current standards can either not address efficiently or not address at all

The JPEG2000 still image coding system: An overview

With the increasing use of multimedia technologies, image compression requires higher performance as well as new features. To address this need in the specific area of still image encoding, a new standard is currently being developed, the JPEG2000. It is not only intended to provide rate-distortion and subjective image quality performance superior to existing standards, but also to provide features and functionalities that current standards can either not address efficiently or in many cases cannot address at all. Lossless and lossy compression, embedded lossy to lossless coding, progressive transmission by pixel accuracy and by resolution, robustness to the presence of bit-errors and region-of-interest coding, are some representative features. It is interesting to note that JPEG2000 is being designed to address the requirements of a diversity of applications, e.g. Internet, color facsimile, printing, scanning, digital photography, remote sensing, mobile applications, medical imagery, digital library and E-commerce

Universal multimedia access from wired and wireless systems

Personal computing and communication devices such as computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and mobile phones are moving to their next generation in which the end user will be able to access a multitude of information with a single device either locally or through a network. One likely trend in future personal computing and personal communication is that there will not be a single but several equivalent devices available to users allowing access to information in various forms. Each user, depending on his/her needs would access one or several among them depending on the situation and his/her preference. Using existing protocol mechanisms, in this case, a mapping and negotiation of resources during connection setup would be performed, which would remain in place throughout the life of the connection. This paper provides an overview of universal multimedia access (UMA), a concept for accessing multimedia content through a variety of possible schemes, and discusses some of the issues that arise regarding its deployment. In particular, UMA will provide a solution for adapting the delivered content when users attempt to access their choice irrespective of their terminal characteristics and communication infrastructure, as apposed to the assumption that the content remains fixed and the objective is to deliver the original content at all times. This recognition represents the impetus for the development of media descriptions and hence UMA; that is, the notion that valuable information can be derived from a variety of conversions of a multimedia content source. The issues discussed are future requirements on content servers and multimedia viewers, media conversions, UMA protocols, and UMA network architectures. The problems addressed are quality of service issues in network solutions for multimedia communications and reconfigurable architectures and network control based on source adaptations through media conversions and transcoding

IMAGE CODING: NEW ALGORITHMS AND TECHNIQUES

ΣΕ ΑΥΤΗ ΤΗ ΔΙΑΤΡΙΒΗ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΙΑΖΟΥΜΕ ΝΕΟΥΣ ΑΛΓΟΡΙΘΜΟΥΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΕΧΝΙΚΕΣ ΓΙΑ ΚΩΔΙΚΟΠΟΙΗΣΗ ΑΚΙΝΗΤΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΚΙΝΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ ΕΙΚΟΝΩΝ. ΠΡΟΤΕΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ ΝΕΟΙ ΑΛΓΟΡΙΘΜΟΙ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΥΠΟΛΟΓΙΣΜΟ ΤΟΥ ΜΟΝΟΔΙΑΣΤΑΤΟΥ (1D) ΚΑΙ ΔΙΣΔΙΑΣΤΑΤΟΥ (2D) DCT. ΒΑΣΙΣΜΕΝΟΙ ΣΤΟΝ ΠΡΟΤΕΙΝΟΜΕΝΟ ΑΛΓΟΡΙΘΜΟ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΥΠΟΛΟΓΙΣΜΟ ΤΟΥ 2D DCT ΥΛΟΠΟΙΟΥΜΕ ΔΥΟ ΑΛΓΟΡΙΘΜΟΥΣ ΠΕΡΙΚΟΠΗΣ: (Α) ΕΝΑΝ ΑΛΓΟΡΙΘΜΟ Ο ΟΠΟΙΟΣ ΜΑΣ ΔΙΝΕΙ ΤΗ ΔΥΝΑΤΟΤΗΤΑ ΑΠΕΥΘΕΙΑΣ ΥΠΟΛΟΓΙΣΜΟΥ ΤΩΝ NO X NODCT ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΣΤΩΝ ΑΠΟ ΤΟΥΣ ΝΧΝ ΚΑΙ (Β) ΕΝΑΝ ΑΛΓΟΡΙΘΜΟ ΠΕΡΙΚΟΠΗΣ Ο ΟΠΟΙΟΣ ΜΠΟΡΕΙ ΝΑ ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΠΟΙΗΘΕΙ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΥΠΟΛΟΓΙΣΜΟ ΟΠΟΙΟΝΔΗΠΟΤΕ ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΣΤΩΝ DCT ΣΕ ΖΩΝΗ ΟΠΟΙΑΣΔΗΠΟΤΕ ΜΟΡΦΗΣ. ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΜΕΙΩΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΠΑΡΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΩΝ ΛΟΓΩ ΣΥΜΠΙΕΣΗΣ,ΠΡΟΤΕΙΝΟΥΜΕ ΠΡΟΣΑΡΜΟΖΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ ΑΛΓΟΡΙΘΜΟΥΣ ΣΥΜΠΙΕΣΗΣ ΕΙΚΟΝΩΝ ΟΙ ΟΠΟΙΟΙ ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΠΟΙΟΥΝ ΤΟΥΣ ΠΡΟΤΕΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ ΑΛΓΟΡΙΘΜΟΥΣ ΠΕΡΙΚΟΠΗΣ. ΓΙΑ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΕΣ ΚΩΔΙΚΟΠΟΙΗΣΗΣ ΤΜΗΜΑΤΟΠΟΙΗΜΕΝΗΣ ΕΙΚΟΝΑΣ (SEGMENTED IMAGE CODING - SIC) ΠΑΡΟΥΣΙΑΖΟΥΜΕ ΕΝΑ ΝΕΟ ΑΛΓΟΡΙΘΜΟ ΤΜΗΜΑΤΟΠΟΙΗΣΗΣ Ο ΟΠΟΙΟΣ ΕΝΟΠΟΙΕΙ ΤΟΝ ΧΩΡΙΣΜΟ ΤΗΣ ΕΙΚΟΝΑΣ ΣΕ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΝ ΣΥΓΧΩΝΕΥΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΩΝ. ΠΡΟΤΕΙΝΟΥΜΕ ΕΠΙΣΗΣ ΜΙΑ ΝΕΑ ΜΕΘΟΔΟ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΑΠΛΟΠΟΙΗΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΣΗΜΕΙΩΝ ΠΕΡΙΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΕΙΚΟΝΑΣ. ΕΠΙΤΥΓΧΑΝΟΥΜΕ ΕΤΣΙ ΜΕΙΩΣΗ ΚΑΤΑ 25 - 30% ΣΤΟΝ ΑΡΙΘΜΟ ΤΩΝ ΣΗΜΕΙΩΝ ΠΕΡΙΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΟΣ ΧΩΡΙΣ ΝΑ ΕΧΟΥΜΕ (ΟΡΑΤΗ) ΑΠΩΛΕΙΑ ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΑΣ. ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΜΕΙΩΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΥΠΟΛΟΓΙΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΠΟΛΥΠΛΟΚΟΤΗΤΑΣ ΤΩΝ SIC ΜΕΘΟΔΩΝ, ΠΡΟΤΕΙΝΟΥΜΕ ΕΠΙΣΗΣ ΕΝΑΝ ΥΒΡΙΔΙΚΟ ΑΛΓΟΡΙΘΜΟ Ο ΟΠΟΙΟΣ ΔΙΑΤΗΡΕΙ ΑΝΑΛΛΟΙΩΤΕΣ ΤΙΣ ΑΚΜΕΣ. ΓΙΑ ΣΤΑΔΙΑΚΗ ΜΕΤΑΔΟΣΗ ΕΙΚΟΝΑΣ ΠΡΟΤΕΙΝΟΥΜΕ ΕΝΑΝ ΝΕΟ ΑΛΓΟΡΙΘΜΟ Ο ΟΠΟΙΟΣ ΣΥΝΔΙΑΖΕΙ SIC ΚΑΙ DCT ΚΑΙ ΟΔΗΓΕΙ ΣΕ ΠΟΛΥ ΚΑΛΗ ΑΝΑΠΑΡΑΣΤΑΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΕΙΚΟΝΑΣ ΣΕ ΟΛΑ ΤΑ ΣΤΑΔΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΜΕΤΑΔΟΣΗΣ. ΤΕΛΟΣ, ΓΙΑ ΚΩΔΙΚΟΠΟΙΗΣΗ ΚΙΝΟΥΜΕΝΗΣ ΕΙΚΟΝΑΣ ΣΕ ΠΟΛΥ ΧΑΜΗΛΟΥΣ ΡΥΘΜΟΥΣ (ΠΕΡΙΚΟΠΗ ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗΣ)IN THIS DISSERTATION WE PROPOSE ALGORITHMS AND TECHNIQUES AND IMAGE AND VIDEO CODING. WE PROPOSE ALGORITHMS FOR THE EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ONE - DIMENSIONAL (1D) AND TWO - DIMENSIONAL (2D) DISCRETE COSINE TRANSFORM (DCT). BASED ON A PROPOSED ALGORITHM FOR THE 2D FCT, WE IMPLEMENT PRUNING ALGORITHMS. TWO PRUNING ALGORITHMS ARE PROPOSED: (A) AN ALGORITHM THAT GIVES THE ABILITY TO COMPUTE DIRECTLY ONLY THE NO X NO DCT COEFFICIENTS OUT OF THE NXN (WHERE N = 2^M, NO = 2^M0, M0<=M) AND (B) A PRUNING ALGORITHM WHICH CAN BE USED TO COMPUTE ANY DCT COEFFICIENT, IN A ZONE OF ANY SHAPE AND SIZE. ADAPTIVE DCT - BASED IMAGE CODING SCHEMES THAT USE USE THE PRUNING ALGORITHMS ARE ALSO PROPOSED FOR REDUCING THE BLOCKING ARTEFACTS IN DCT CODED IMAGES. A SEGMENTATION WHICHINTEGRATES THE SPLITTING AND THE MERGING PART OF THE SEGMENTATION PROCESS AND HAS USEFULL PROPERTIES FOR SEGMENTED IMAGE CODING (SIC) APPLICATIONS IS DESCRIBED. FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE CONTOUR INFORMATION IN SIC SCHEMES, WE PROPOSE A NEW CONTOUR SIMPLIFICATION SCHEME THAT REDUCES THE CONTOUR INFORMATION BY APPROXIMATELY 25 - 30% WITHOUT INTRODUCING VISIBLE DISTORTIONS IN THE IMAGE. THE COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY OF SIC SCHEME IS ALSO STUDIED AND A NEW HYBRID SCHEMES IS PROPOSED FOR REDUCING THE COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY. TECHNIQUESFOR PROGRESSIVE IMAGE TRANSMISSION WITH SIC ARE STUDIED AND A NEW SCHEMES ISPROPOSED THAT LEADS IN GOOD IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION AT ALL STAGES OF THE TRANSMISSION. FINALLY, A VIDEO CODING SCHEME BASED ON SIC IS PROPOSED FOR VERY LOW BIT RATE APPLICATIONS

The JPEG 2000 Image Coding Standard

The JPEG 2000 is a new image coding standard that specifies only the decoding algorithm and the compressed data format—the encoder algorithm is deliberately left up to you